Understanding Low White Blood Cell Count and its Treatment Options

White blood cells (WBC) shield the body against infections, bacteria, and viruses. They are also involved in immune system functioning. Having too few WBC is known as a low white blood cell count (also called leukopenia). A person can develop a low WBC count due to underlying medical conditions, certain medications, or as a result of radiation therapy.

Causes

Some possible causes of a low white blood cell count include:

1. Anemia: Anemia is a condition in which someone's hemoglobin (a protein in the red blood cells) levels are abnormally low, leading to fewer red blood cells and less oxygen-carrying capacity. Low oxygen levels prevent WBC from developing normally, leading to a decrease in their overall number.
2. Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia and lymphoma, can cause a low WBC count. Cancer cells can crowd out the production of WBC in the bone marrow, interfering with normal production of cells.
3. Autoimmune Diseases: Autoimmune disorders like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease can increase the body's production of antibodies, which can attack white blood cells. This can cause a decrease in the overall white blood cell count.
4. Medications: A low white blood cell count can also be caused by certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs, long-term antibiotics, and drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS.

Symptoms

A person with low white blood cell count may experience certain symptoms, such as fatigue, fever, prolonged or frequent infections, skin rashes, and shortness of breath. If the cause of the low white blood cell count is unknown, further medical testing may be recommended.

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose a low white blood cell count by performing a complete blood count (CBC) test, as well as a differential blood count to determine the number of different types of white blood cells present. If the cause of the low white blood cell count is still unknown after these tests, further blood tests and imaging tests may be necessary.

Treatment

The treatment of a low white blood cell count depends on the underlying cause. If the cause is a medical condition, such as cancer or anemia, the doctor may suggest certain medications to treat or manage the condition. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to treat or prevent infections.

In some cases, a doctor may suggest a course of immunotherapy. This includes removing white blood cells from the body, purifying them and then reintroducing them to the patient. A course of immunotherapy can help increase the patient's white blood cell count.

Supplements

In addition to conventional treatments, certain supplements can be taken to help increase a low white blood cell count. Foods rich in folate, such as dark green leafy vegetables, are beneficial for increasing the production of red and white blood cells. Zinc and iron are also important for cell growth and development, so taking zinc and iron supplements can also help to increase a low white blood cell count. Vitamin A and B vitamins are also important for overall health, and may help to boost the immune system and increase the number of WBC.

Conclusion

A low white blood cell count can be caused by various medical conditions and can have serious medical consequences. It is important to seek medical attention if you have any of the symptoms associated with a low white blood cell count, as well as if you have been taking certain medications or undergoing radiation treatments. With the right treatment and supplements, it is possible to increase a low white blood cell count and restore healthy immune system functioning.