Understanding Supraventricular Tachycardia

What is Supraventricular Tachycardia?

Supraventricular tachycardia is a type of arrhythmia (irregular heart beat) that occurs when the heart's electrical system malfunctions and causes the heart to beat rapidly. The heart rate may reach between 150 and 250 beats per minute, which is faster than the normal heart rate of between 60 and 100 beats per minute. This type of arrhythmia can cause the heart to beat inefficiently, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, chest pain, and shortness of breath.

Symptoms of Supraventricular Tachycardia

Supraventricular tachycardia can cause a range of symptoms, including:

• Rapid or pounding heart beats
• Palpitations
• Feeling of faintness or lightheadedness
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue

The severity of the symptoms can vary depending on the type of arrhythmia, the speed and regularity of the heartbeat, and the cause of the arrhythmia.

Causes of Supraventricular Tachycardia

The exact cause of SVT is not always clear, but certain factors may play a role, such as:

• Genetic factors
• Alcohol or drug use
• Certain medical conditions (such as an overactive thyroid or heart conditions)
• Medications (such as certain cardiac medications)
• Stress or anxiety

Diagnosing Supraventricular Tachycardia

The first step in diagnosing SVT is for a doctor to take a thorough medical history and do a physical exam. Certain tests may also be done to help diagnose SVT, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) and a Holter monitor.

An EKG records electrical signals from the heart and can show any abnormal beating patterns. A Holter monitor is a small device that is worn for a period of time (usually 24 hours) and records any arrhythmic changes. Other tests, such as an exercise stress test and an echocardiogram, may also be done to help diagnose the condition.

Treating Supraventricular Tachycardia

Depending on the cause, certain lifestyle changes may help reduce the frequency and symptoms of SVT. These may include avoiding certain medications or recreational drugs, limiting caffeine and alcohol intake, exercising, and reducing stress.

Medication may also be used to slow the heartbeat and reduce the severity and frequency of symptoms. These medications can be taken orally, in the form of injections, or through a pacemaker or defibrillator. Sometimes, ablation (a procedure to destroy malfunctioning tissue in the heart) may be recommended if other treatments are not successful.

Supraventricular tachycardia is a common heart condition that is usually treatable. If you have any of the symptoms associated with SVT, it is important to talk to your doctor right away so that the best course of treatment can be determined.