Understanding Scleroderma: Causes and Treatment

What Is Scleroderma?

Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the skin, blood vessels, and connective tissues, causing hardening and scarring of the affected areas. It can also affect the gastrointestinal system, lungs, and muscles, although the skin is usually the primary area affected. Scleroderma usually affects the arms, legs, hands, and feet and can either be localized or systemic. Localized scleroderma is usually found in the areas of the skin that are exposed to the outside environment, while systemic scleroderma can occur anywhere on the body, inside and outside.

Cause of Scleroderma

The exact cause of scleroderma is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an overactive immune system. There may also be a genetic component to the disorder, as it tends to run in families. Other possible causes of scleroderma include environmental and occupational exposure to certain materials, such as silica, asbestos, and certain chemicals.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of scleroderma is done through physical exams, blood tests, and x-rays. In most cases, the diagnosis is confirmed through laboratory and imaging tests to examine the abnormal accumulation of collagen under the skin.

Treatment for scleroderma depends on the type, location, and severity of the condition. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy, and surgery. Medications used to treat scleroderma include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, immune modulators, and biologics.

Surgery, while less common, may be done to remove hard collagen deposits, as well as to relieve pressure on the skin or underlying tissue.

In some cases, lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding exposure to certain environmental and occupational triggers of scleroderma, can be helpful. Additionally, adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as exercising regularly, eating a nutritious diet, and avoiding smoking, can help manage symptoms.

Scleroderma can be a life-altering condition, but with proper treatment and support, many people with scleroderma can lead satisfying and fulfilling lives. With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for individuals with scleroderma can be improved.