Holistic Approaches to Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and lifelong condition that affects women of reproductive age, carrying significant metabolic, psychological, and comorbid implications. Among these, an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been noted, irrespective of body weight and body mass index (BMI). This makes it crucial to explore effective dietary and lifestyle interventions for women with PCOS across varying body compositions to manage and reduce cardiometabolic risks.

Understanding Polycystic ovary syndrome and its Cardiometabolic Implications

PCOS is not only associated with reproductive and hormonal irregularities but also with an array of metabolic and psychological manifestations. Comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, chronic inflammation, and impaired glucose tolerance are common, making PCOS a significant risk factor for CVDs. The latest 2023 International Evidence-Based PCOS Guideline also identifies PCOS as a risk factor for CVD, underlining the need for effective management and prevention strategies.

The Limitations of Weight and BMI in Cardiometabolic Risk Assessment

Traditionally, weight, BMI, and energy intake have been standard parameters in assessing the cardiometabolic health of individuals. However, they may not accurately reflect the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk in women with Polycystic ovary syndrome. This is because PCOS affects women across all weight ranges, and the associated cardiometabolic risks persist even in women with normal weight and BMI. Therefore, a more holistic approach emphasizing overall dietary and lifestyle patterns is crucial in managing PCOS and associated risks.

Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk: The Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Interventions

A recent narrative review published in the Nutrients journal emphasizes the need for sustainable and realistic lifestyle and dietary interventions that consider all psychological, biological, and social aspects of PCOS. Strategies include structured and unstructured exercise, cognitive behavior therapy, and diet modifications, which can help reduce cardiometabolic risk across BMI ranges. The review also highlights the importance of personalized care that meets the needs of PCOS-affected women with varying body weights, focusing on improving cardiometabolic risk factors and overall PCOS management.

Directions for Future Research and PCOS Diagnosis

The narrative review underscores the need for research recruitment outside medical centers to improve the representation of individuals with varying PCOS clinical presentations. It also recommends the use of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) along with the existing diagnostic algorithm for more accurate PCOS diagnosis. Addressing the psychological aspects of PCOS in lifestyle recommendations is another key area that needs attention.

In conclusion, the management of PCOS and associated cardiometabolic risks calls for a comprehensive approach that goes beyond weight and BMI. Dietary and lifestyle interventions, along with the integration of psychological, biological, and social aspects, can pave the way for improved health and quality of life for women with PCOS.