What You Need to Know About Eye Melanoma

What is Eye Melanoma?

Diagnosis and Treatment

Staying Informed

Eye melanoma is a rare form of cancer that affects the cells of the eye, specifically the melanocytes which produce melanin or the pigment that gives color to the eyes. This type of cancer is often found in the pigmented tissue of the eye, specifically the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Most commonly, eye melanoma is classified as a uveal melanoma and forms in the middle layer of the eye.

This type of cancer occasionally also forms in the conjunctiva, which is the mucous membrane found in the front of the eye where the eyelids meet. Conjunctival melanomas are not typically a form of eye melanoma, but they are occasionally mistaken for a benign skin condition.

What is Eye Melanoma?

Eye melanoma is a cancer that develops in the cells on the layer of the tissue and are usually classified as benign or malignant. Most commonly, eye melanoma is found in the iris and can be harmless, although it can sometimes become malignant and spread to other parts of the body.

When malignant, eye melanoma may grow and spread unpredictably, making it difficult to pinpoint an exact cause of the condition. Although the cause of eye melanoma is largely unknown, it is believed to be associated with exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun, genetic factors, and other environmental factors.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Eye melanoma is usually diagnosed when pigmented spots appear on the front of the eye. To diagnose eye melanoma, eye doctors typically use a procedure known as ophthalmoscopy, which is an exam of the retina.

An ophthalmoscope allows doctors to view the tumors in the eye, and they may also perform a biopsy to determine if the tumor is benign or malignant. In some cases, doctors may use imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan to get a better look at the eye.

When eye melanoma becomes malignant, doctors will often recommend either radiation or surgery to remove the tumor. In cases of malignant eye melanoma, follow-up exams and treatments may be necessary to make sure the cancer has not spread.

Staying Informed

Because early detection and treatment are key in treating eye melanoma, it is important to be aware of any changes to the eyes that could be signs of cancer. Common symptoms of eye melanoma include a dark spot on the colored part of the eye, blurred vision, or flashes and floaters in the eye.

If any of these symptoms exist, be sure to visit an ophthalmologist right away. They can perform the special tests needed to diagnose eye melanoma and provide the appropriate treatments and follow-up.

Overall, eye melanoma is a rare form of cancer and can often be treated successfully if detected early. Knowing the symptoms and risks associated with eye melanoma can help increase the chances of a successful diagnosis and treatment plan. Be sure to visit the eye doctor regularly and take any necessary steps to reduce the risks of eye melanoma.

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