A bunion is a painful bony enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe. The big toe is often misaligned, turned inward towards the smaller toes, and the bunion is the swollen joint on the outside edge of the foot. The misalignment causes pressure in the joint, resulting in a bursa or sack of fluid, as well as pain and discomfort. Bunions can be described as a deformity in the big toe joint, seen as a bulge or bump on the top of the foot or a deviation of the big toe.
Bunions can be caused by many factors, but the most common factor is prolonged wearing of tight, poor-fitting shoes. High heels, long-term wearing of shoes that are too small, flat soled shoes, or simply ill-fitting footwear can all contribute to bunions. Arthritis, foot deformities present since birth, and a foot structure that is not balanced can also contribute to the development of bunions.
Bunions can be seen visually and can often be identified by the redness and swelling of the skin around the bunion, as well as the visible bony protrusion on the top of the foot. Painful symptoms may include pain at the bunion joint when weight is placed on the foot and a feeling of stiffness in the toe. Other symptoms include redness, swelling, tenderness, and pain in the area of the bunion, as well as difficulty moving the big toe.
To relieve pain and discomfort associated with bunions, many people find relief by wearing comfortable, supportive shoes with plenty of room for their toes. Placing padding over the bunion or wearing soft insoles to help cushion and protect the joint may also help. Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen may be helpful in relieving pain. For more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the alignment of the big toe.
It is important to identify and treat bunions as soon as possible to prevent them from becoming progressively worse. Understanding that bunions are a deformity of the foot joint, caused by ill-fitting or uncomfortable shoes, can help people take the steps necessary to prevent and treat the condition.
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